Question : What are ultimate realities?

Answer : Ultimate realities are dhammas, have each their own characteristic, their own function, and they are true for everybody. We are used to thinking of mind and body, but what we take for mind are in reality different moments of consciousness, cittas, which change all the time. Citta is a mental phenomenon or nama, it experiences an object. What we take for body are different physical phenomena, rupas, which arise and fall away. Rúpa does not experience anything. Nama and rupa are absolute realities, each with their own unalterable characteristic. Seeing, for example, is nama, it experiences visible object. It has its own characteristic which cannot be changed: seeing is always seeing, for everybody, no matter how we name it. The names of realities can be changed but their characteristics are unalterable. After having seen visible object we think of the shape and form of a person or a thing, but that is not seeing, it is thinking of a concept which is real in conventional sense, not in the absolute sense. In our life there are cittas which are seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or experiencing tangible object and there are also cittas which on account of such experiences think of concepts. This is our daily life and through the Buddha’s teachings we will be less deluded about our life. We will learn what is real in the absolute sense and what is only a conventional reality or concept.